A guide to the application of cleaner production in the dairy industry, with a focus on the processing of milk and milk products at dairy processing plants.

This document is a guide to the application of cleaner production to the meat processing industry, with a focus on the slaughtering of cattle and pigs at abattoirs. Includes case studies, sample evaluation, and assessment forms.

This paper gives information to help food processors prevent pollution and save money by recovering by-products for use as animal feed. It considers some by-products suitable for animal feeding and factors to consider when selecting by-products for feed, e.g., moisture content, waste stream, volume of material, and effects on feed consumption.

This document includes a general discussion on energy conservation for food processors in the areas of steam leakage, wastewater treatment, refrigeration systems, cookers, and baking furnaces. Recommendations include insulating methods, refinishing cookers to increase radiation, and various heat recovery techniques.

This document generally concerns the production process, but it does also include a good overview of health and safety issues for fruit and vegetable processors. Specifically discusses methods for avoiding dangers of hot liquids/jams, fruit acids and steam. Some mention of high volumes of solid organic waste and contamination of the product from workers.

A good discussion of cleaner production building design. Specific mention of how to keep rodents and insects out of building structures in addition to sanitation and hygiene in production.

Although this site gives examples of cleaner production strategies undertaken by some Minnesota food processors, it is relevant to developing country producers. Links to the following fact sheets:

• Composting and Landspreading Food Processing By-Products. http://www.mntap.umn.edu/food/78-CompLand.htm. A good discussion of how to compost commercial food processing wastes quickly through landspreading methods.
• Dairy Waste Reduction Tips. http://www.mntap.umn.edu/POTW/Dairywaste.htm. A discussion of what some Minnesota dairy companies are doing to reduce wastewater and product losses. Includes 10 water conservation strategies.
• Feeding Food By-Products to Livestock. http://www.p2pays.org/ref/02/01247_files/fs77-r.htm.
  This fact sheet explains the conditions under which non-meat uncooked food by-products can be used as animal feed.

General guidelines on reducing pollution, noise and effluent, with specific recommendations on the recirculation of water in production, dry cleanup, and reuse of organic wastes. Also includes technical information on requirements affecting effluent and acceptable levels of waste for specific items.

These guidelines are comprehensive and include an introduction to cleaner production as well as methods of planning, implementing, and evaluating cleaner production projects. Specific fact sheets are available, including:

• Fruit and Vegetable Processing. http://www.geosp.uq.edu.au/emc/CP/Res/facts/FACT3.HTM. Discusses sources of waste and ways of reducing waste and water use. Comprehensive checklist on potential targets for cleaner production.
• Dairy Manufacturing. http://www.geosp.uq.edu.au/emc/CP/Res/facts/FACT2.HTM. Discusses waste points in production process and possible waste minimization solutions from Cleaning in Place methods. Comprehensive checklist at end.
• Meat Processing. http://www.geosp.uq.edu.au/emc/CP/Res/facts/FACT7.HTM. Good discussion of factors involved generating waste-types of animals and cleaning methods-and suggests better cleaning methods for pollution reduction. Comprehensive checklist at end.
• Food Processing Checklists. http://www.geosp.uq.edu.au/emc/CP/Res/facts/FACT1.HTM. Very good checklist that addresses general food processing strategies for cleaner production.

Contains guides, case studies, and articles focused on pollution prevention in food processing and other sectors.

Contains case studies, country profiles, and cleaner production strategies for food processing.

A how-to document on constructing an oil separator that removes vegetable oil, animal grease and fats from wastewater. Includes diagrams.

This chapter provides an overview of the techniques used to process oil from seeds, nuts and fruit, as well as the environmental hazards associated with the production process. Specific discussion of the extraction of oil from wastewater using oil traps; reuse of wastewater and organic waste; and problems in chemical refining.