The WELL website is a focal point of information about water, sanitation and environmental health and related issues in developing and transitional countries. They publish a wide-variety of guidance documents, including factsheets, studies and technical briefs.

Since its foundation in 1968, the IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC) has facilitated the sharing, promotion and use of knowledge so that governments, professionals and organisations can better support poor men, women and children in developing countries to obtain water and sanitation services they will use and maintain. The website contains a vast array of references, training courses and documents. Of particular interest is the interWater Guide to Organizations available at http://www.irc.nl/page/126.

Established in 1990 at the end of the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade. Its purpose is to maintain the momentum of the Decade, by providing a regular way for water and sanitation sector professionals to exchange views and experiences and develop approaches to foster more rapid achievement of the goal of universal coverage

A network of regional and international training institutions, launched in 1984 by the World Bank's Water and Sanitation Program to support training in low-cost water supply and sanitation. ITN Centers provide training, disseminate information and promote local applied sector research on low-cost water supply and sanitation options. The Network links affiliated institutions serving Asia and Africa in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (serving countries in francophone West Africa); Kumasi, Ghana (Ghana); Harare, Zimbabwe (Zimbabwe); Nairobi, Kenya (Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda); Dhaka, Bangladesh; Calcutta, India (India); and Manila, Philippines (Philippines). New centers are under development.

The Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) is an international partnership of the world's leading development agencies concerned with improving sector policies, practices and capacities to serve poor people. Administered by the World Bank, WSP provides targeted support to national and local governments, local communities, and their support organizations.

A valuable resource consisting of a number of short sections that can be used independently. A "Checklists" section (pp. 141-153) includes checklists for planning better sanitation projects, sanitation in emergency situations, hygiene behavior-change, and suggestions for addressing gender issues. Other sections focus on building political will and partnerships and on conducting promotional programs including subsections on principles and guidelines, empowerment, checklists, and promotion through innovation.

A literature review focusing on the potential effectiveness of approaches to environmental health promotion in developing countries, and appropriate expectations and targets for change in health behavior.

These training materials cover a wide range of topics and include 23 sessions - both presentations and practical sessions. Each presentation in the materials includes a session plan, a background paper and overhead transparencies. Each practical session provides guidance as to how such sessions might be delivered and the materials required.

Good overview of key issues. Offers a short set of recommendations for better programming.

An amplification of the HCES Model, developed following the Wageningen Meeting. It includes more detailed descriptions of the "zones" and the decision-making processes in different circumstances. Likely to be the model for environmental sanitation planning and implementation in the coming years.

The implications of some new studies for the setting of international guidelines for using wastewater in agriculture and aquaculture are considered, along with the wastewater treatment and other health protection measures needed to achieve these guidelines.

This document provides information on urban wastewater management. It specifically discussed issues involved in wastewater resrouce recovery, wastewater management, project planning and implementation. It also includes a good discussion of wastewater treatment technologies such as on-site treatment, anaerobic treatment systems, water-based treatments, and sludge management.

A review that collates current knowledge of health risks associated with dry sanitation technologies and the problems associated with their use and maintenance.

• Selected case studies on operation and maintenance of water supply and sanitation systems. These case studies describe different operation and maintenance (O&M) experiences in a variety of countries, in both rural and urban settings. They are a useful source of information for improving O&M practice.
• Tools for assessing operation and maintenance status of urban and rural water supply (2000). These comprehensive guidelines show how to assess O&M performance in both rural and urban areas.
• Operation and maintenance of urban water supply and sanitation systems: a guide for managers. This publication examines factors which may prevent existing urban water supply systems from working efficiently, and provides guidelines and solutions for optimization.
• Leakage control: source material for a training package. Materials trainers can adapt for use in local training courses, covering all aspects of leakage control, divided into individual modules for ease of use.
• Upgrading water treatment plants (2001). Summarizes many different field experiences with efforts to improve the quality of water and to upgrade the capacity of water treatment plants. It provides a practical approach to improving the performance of water treatment plants.
• Management of operation and maintenance in rural drinking-water supply and sanitation: a resource training package. This package contains resource material for training courses aimed at improving the management of O&M in rural areas.
• Models of management systems for the operation and maintenance of rural water supply and sanitation systems. This document evaluates the factors which influence the development of O&M management systems for rural facilities. It describes models in eight representative countries and offers guidance to planners and designers in selecting the best approach.
• Linking technology choice with operation and maintenance. This document helps users make more appropriate technology choices by providing information on the O&M implications-particularly the costs-of selecting a specific technology.

The Manual Pit Latrine Emptying Technology (MAPET) is a neighborhood-based service for the emptying of pit latrines in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The service is carried out by independent, informal sector micro-enterprises (MAPET teams). The teams use MAPET equipment that is specifically developed to suit the technical, planning and economic conditions in the low-income neighborhoods.

This article describes the results of the trial period of a pedestrian-controlled pit emptying machine. The 'vacutug' has been tested for UNCHS (Habitat) in a low-income settlement in Nairobi, Kenya, through a local NGP. The trial confirmed the viability of the principle of the vacutug, as the machine has been in operation for two and a half years. Repairs have been made locally obtained spare parts, paid from income from the service.

This report describes and analyzes the findings of rapid investigations in two small towns in Uganda and two in the Southern Indian state of Kerala.

This report is a description of a water supply and sanitation project in the urban slums of Brazil. Includes participation strategies, design costs, and listings of different technologies. A good discussion of solutions to specific urban problems, such as the condominial sewage system that created shared access to sewers for clusters of closely located houses.

A comparative analysis of two notable African sanitation programs, focusing on a historical analysis (investigating how, when and why the programs developed in the way they did) and an understanding of critical issues common to each program, including demand assessment, sanitation promotion, community participation, responsibility for service provision, finance and cost recovery, and health aspects of promotion.

A literature review of sector experience of the Village Level Operation and Maintenance Management (VLOM) approach to rural water supply.

A detailed history of water supply and sanitation programs and lessons learned.