Wet Textile Operations

Chapter 4.6: Wet Textile Operations: Cleaner Production Fact Sheet and Resource Guide

NOTE: Listing of a resource does not constitute USAID endorsement or certificationReferences and ResourcesResources and References

• Cleaner Production in Cloth Printing and Dyeing Operations
  http://www.p2pays.org/ref/10/09351.htm.Useful description of general cost-effective pollution prevention tips (ranging from limiting chemical use to saving water or fuel costs).
• Cleaner Technology Transfer to the Polish Textile Industry: Idea Catalogue and Selected Options (1999). Danish Cooperation for Environment in Eastern Europe (DANCEE). http://www2.mst.dk/udgiv/Publications/1999/87-7909-255-1/pdf/87-7909-265-9.pdfThis study was commissioned by the Danish environmental protection agency for improvements in the Polish textile industry. Although the report refers to medium-scale producers, it provides an excellent example of diagnosis and options for cleaner production. The report discusses different methods of improving resource efficiency, chemical substitution, and optimization.
• Energy Conservation in the Textile Industry (1992). United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), Japan. http://www.unido.org/fileadmin/import/userfiles/puffk/textile.pdf.This manual presents a lengthy discussion of textile production in a variety of subsectors-yarn and fiber production, knitting, weaving, clothing, dyeing and finishing-and provides guidance on energy-saving technologies for each one.
• Pollution Prevention Tips for Wet-Processing Textile Mills. Georgia Pollution Prevention Assistance Division. Georgia Department of Natural Resources. http://www.p2pays.org/ref/09/08015.htm.This report gives specific cleaner production guidelines for improving textile processing. Concentrates mostly on water conservation methods and improving chemical use.
• Sectoral Profile of the Textile Industry (1998). United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Sustainable Development Program. January. http://www.p2pays.org/ref/11/10489/sectors701.html.An extensive overview of textile production, including subsectors. Also includes a very detailed technical description of cleaner production techniques such as chemical substitution, water conservation and waste minimization.
• Smith, Brent and Vikki Bristow. Indoor Air Quality And Textiles: An Emerging Issue. Raleigh, North Carolina: School of Textiles, North Carolina State University. http://www.p2pays.org/ref/03/02906.pdf.Fairly technical discussion of possible air pollutants present inside textile processing buildings.
• “Textiles” (1998). Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook. World Bank Group. http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64193027&piPK;=64187937&theSitePK;=523679&menu;
  PK=64187510&searchMenuPK;=64187511&siteName;=WDS&entityID;=000094946_99040905052283.This chapter is part of a larger pollution prevention handbook published by the World Bank. The document discusses major sources of pollution and lists technical requirements for limiting chemical pollutants.
• The Textile Industry and the Environment (1993). United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) Technical Report No.16. http://www.uneptie.org/pc/cp/library/catalogue/related.htm.This booklet gives an overview of environmental impacts associated with textile production and strategies for cleaner production. For sale at earthprint.com for US $35.
• The Textiles Industry: Improvement of Resource Efficiency and Environmental Performance (2000). CleanerProduction.com, Hamner and Associates LLC. http://www.cleanerproduction.com/Directory/sectors/subsectors/textiles.html.A short discussion of cleaner production issues and a checklist of possible areas of attack. This Web site also includes links to a number of other textile sites.
• Wanucha, David J. Land Application of Textile Biosolids: North Carolina’s Experience. North Carolina Division of Pollution Prevention and Environmental Assistance. http://www.p2pays.org/ref/02/01124.pdf.A low-tech discussion of the beneficial reuse of textile wastewater treatment sludge in agriculture.
• Water Conservation for Textile Mills: A Waste Reduction Fact Sheet. North Carolina Division of Pollution Prevention and Environmental Assistance. http://www.p2pays.org/ref/01/00026.htm.Methods of conserving water at various points in the production process. Although primarily aimed at large-scale producers, it contains a useful discussion on reuse and water conservation relevant to the small-scale producer.